The Handbook of Texas is a comprehensive encyclopedia An encyclopedia is a type of reference work, a compendium holding a summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge of Texas geography, history, and historical persons published by the Texas State Historical Association The Texas State Historical Association or abbreviated TSHA, is a non-profit educational organization, dedicated to documenting the rich and unique history of Texas. It was founded on March 2, 1897. As of November 2008, TSHA moved from Austin to the University of North Texas in Denton. The current executive director is J. Kent Calder (TSHA). The original Handbook was the brainchild of TSHA President Walter Prescott Webb Walter Prescott Webb was a 20th century U.S. historian and author noted for his groundbreaking historical work on the American West. As president of the Texas State Historical Association, he launched the project that produced the Handbook of Texas. He is also noted for his early criticism of the water usage patterns in the region of The University of Texas history History is the study of the human past. Scholars who write about history are called historians. It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events. Historians debate the nature of history and its department. It was published as a two-volume set in 1952, with a supplemental volume published in 1976.

In 1996, the New Handbook of Texas was published, expanding the encyclopedia to six volumes and over 23,000 articles.

In 1999, the Handbook of Texas Online went live with the complete text of the print edition, all corrections incorporated into the handbook's second printing, and about 400 articles not included in the print edition due to space limitations. The handbook continues to be updated online, and contains over 25,000 articles.[1] The online version includes entries on general topics, such as "Texas since World War II", biographies such as notable Texan Samuel Houston, and geographical entries such as "Waco Prior to the founding of Waco in 1849, a Wichita Native American group known as the "Waco" lived on the land of present-day downtown Waco. In 1824 Thomas M. Duke explored the area and reported to Stephen F. Austin describing the village: "This town is situated on the West Bank of the River. They have a spring almost as cold as ice, Texas".[2][3][4]

References

  1. ^ "The Handbook of Texas Online". Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/. Retrieved retrieved 2008-12-20.
  2. ^ TEXAS SINCE WORLD WAR II from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
  3. ^ Houston, Samuel from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
  4. ^ WACO, TEXAS from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
History of Texas The first European base was established until 1682, when René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle established a French colony, Fort Saint Louis, near Matagorda Bay. The colony was killed off after three years, but its presence motivated Spanish authorities to begin activity. Several missions were established in East Texas; they were abandoned in 16
By period

French Texas From 1685 until 1689, a French colony, Fort Saint Louis, existed near what is now Inez, Texas . Explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle intended to found the colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but inaccurate maps and navigational errors caused his ships to instead anchor 400 miles (650 km) west, off the coast of Texas near Matagorda Bay · Spanish Texas Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of New Spain from 1690 until 1821. Although Spain nominally claimed ownership of the territory, which comprised part of modern-day Texas, including the land north of the Medina and Nueces Rivers, the Spanish did not attempt to colonize the area until after discovering evidence of the failed French · Mexican Texas Many of the Anglo-American settlers owned slaves. Texas was granted a one-year exemption from Mexico's 1829 edict outlawing slavery but Mexican president Anastasio Bustamante ordered that all slaves be freed in 1830. To circumvent the law, many Anglo colonists converted their slaves into indentured servants for life. By 1836 there were 5,000 · Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas was an independent state in North America, bordering the United States and Mexico, that existed from 1836 to 1846 · Texas in the Civil War The state of Texas declared its secession from the United States on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States of America on March 2, 1861, replacing its governor, Sam Houston, when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. During the subsequent American Civil War, Texas was most useful for supplying soldiers for · State of Texas
By topic

Annexation The Texas Annexation of 1845 was the voluntary annexation of the Republic of Texas to the United States of America as the twenty-eighth state. It quickly led to the Mexican War in which the U.S. captured further territory west to the Pacific Ocean. Texas claimed but never controlled parts of present-day Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and · Indian Wars · Jewish history · Oil Boom The Texas Oil Boom, sometimes called the Gusher Age, was a period of dramatic change and economic growth in U.S. State of Texas during the early 20th century that began with the discovery of a large petroleum reserve near Beaumont, Texas. The find was unprecedented in its size and ushered in an age of rapid regional development and · Revolution · Slavery The history of slavery in Texas began slowly, as the institution of chattel slavery did not play a large role in the days of Spanish control of the area. Slavery began in earnest when Anglo-American settlers from the Southeastern United States crossed the Mississippi River. While the Spanish colonists did possess a few slaves, they were never · Texas Rangers · Vice
By city

Amarillo Amarillo is the 15th-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas, the largest in the Texas Panhandle, and the seat of Potter County. A portion of the city extends into Randall County. The population was 173,627 at the 2000 census. The Amarillo metropolitan area has an estimated population of 236,113 in four counties. By 2010 the population of the city · Austin The recorded history of Austin, Texas, began with the first permanent settlement of the area in 1835. In the late 19th century, the establishment of several universities in the city made Austin a center of education. In the 20th century, Austin also became known for its music , as well as its technology industry. Austin's history has also been · Brownsville Brownsville is a city in and the county seat of Cameron County, Texas, United States. Brownsville is the 15th largest city in the state of Texas and the 129th largest in the United States. The population was 139,722 at the 2000 census. Brownsville is also the southernmost city in Texas · Corpus Christi · Dallas Caddo Native Americans inhabited the Dallas area before it was claimed, along with the rest of Texas, as a part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain in the 1500s. The area was also claimed by the French, but in 1819 the Adams-Onís Treaty officially placed Dallas well within Spanish territory by making the Red River the northern boundary of New · El Paso · Fort Worth The history of Fort Worth, Texas in the United States is closely intertwined with the history of Dallas and the history of the Texas frontier. From its early history as an outpost and a barrier against Native American threats, to its later days as a booming cattle town, to modern times as a corporate center, the city has changed dramatically · Galveston · Houston This article documents the wide-ranging history of the City of Houston, the largest city in the state of Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States · Laredo Laredo is the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, located on the north bank of the Rio Grande (Río Bravo) in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. According to the 2007 census estimate, the city population was 233,152. Laredo is part of the Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan Area with an estimate population of 718, · Lubbock Lubbock is an American city in the state of Texas. Located in the northwestern part of the state, a region known historically as the Llano Estacado, it is the county seat of Lubbock County, and the home of Texas Tech University. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the city population was 199,564, making it the 90th largest city in the United States · San Antonio
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